Detail

Rhamnus L.

higherClassification: Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Rosales > Rhamnaceae

taxonID	3039471
datasetID	7ddf754f-d193-4cc9-b351-99906754a03b
parentNameUsageID	2407
scientificName	Rhamnus L.
scientificNameAuthorship	L.
canonicalName	Rhamnus
genericName	Rhamnus
taxonRank	genus
namePublishedIn	L. (1753). In: Sp. Pl.: 193.
taxonomicStatus	accepted
kingdom	Plantae
phylum	Tracheophyta
class	Magnoliopsida
order	Rosales
family	Rhamnaceae
genus	Rhamnus
Child	Rhamnus cathartica var. sylvatica (J.Serres) Nyman variety synonym Rhamnus alaternus var. ferruginea Pourr. variety homotypic synonym Rhamnus graeca Kotschy species homotypic synonym Rhamnus saxatilis var. genuina Rouy variety synonym Rhamnus alaternus subsp. ludovici-salvatoris (Chodat) Rivas Mart. subspecies synonym Colubrina napalensis (Wall.) G.Don species synonym Rhamnus saxatilisr var. humifusa (Gaut.) Rouy variety synonym Rhamnus infectoria var. humifusa Gaut. variety synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. genuina Rouy form homotypic synonym Rhamnus saxatilis var. humifusa (Gaut.) Rouy variety synonym Rhamnus saxatilis f. nana (Lange) Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus alaternus var. ferruginea Pourr. ex Texidor variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. spathulifolia (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Regel variety synonym Rhamnus darii Govaerts species synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. coriacea Regel variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. repens Hartm. variety synonym Rhamnus yoshinoi var. velvetina T.Shimizu variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica f. cadevallii (Pau ex Cadevall) Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus alpina var. hydriensis (Hacq.) Schult. variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. inermis Timb.-Lagr. variety synonym Rhamnus costata f. nambuana (Honda) H.Hara form synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. intermedia Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus saxatilisr var. latifolia Rouy variety synonym Rhamnus infectoria var. pubescens Timb.-Lagr. variety synonym Rhamnus kurdica var. kermanensis Bornm. variety synonym Rhamnus kurdica var. persicus (Boiss.) Bornm. variety synonym Rhamnus saxatilis var. infectoria (L.) Paol. variety synonym Rhamnus oleoides subsp. tauricula P.H.Davis subspecies synonym Rhamnus napalensis var. tonkinensis (Pit.) Tardieu variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. eliasii Sennen variety synonym Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris var. garcia-fontis Chodat variety synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. linearifolia Pau ex Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. cuatrecasasii Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus coriacea (Regel) Kom. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. linearifolia Pau form homotypic synonym Rhamnus pallasii var. spathulifolia (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim. variety synonym Rhamnus alaternus var. balearica Cambess. variety heterotypic synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. nana (Lange) Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus infectoria f. genuina Rouy ex Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus cathartica f. pubescens (Lange) Rivas Mart. form synonym Rhamnus cavaleriei H.Lév. species proparte synonym Celtis rhamnifolia C.Presl species synonym Rhamnus pachyphylla A.Heller ex Dietz species doubtful Rhamnus longifolia Willd. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus arguta var. cuneatifolia F.T.Wang & S.X.Li variety synonym Rhamnus globosa subsp. ziziphifolia T.Tang subspecies synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. microphylla Beck variety synonym Rhamnus longifolia Willd. ex Schult., 1819 species accepted Rhamnus arguta var. betulifolia Liou & S.X.Li variety synonym Rhamnus arguta subsp. cuneafolia F.T.Wang & C.Y.Li subspecies synonym Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudô ex Hara species synonym Rhamnus arguta var. rotundifolia F.T.Wang & S.X.Li variety synonym Rhamnus songarica Gontsch. species accepted Rhamnus punctata var. angustifolia Post variety synonym Rhamnus maximowicziana J.J.Vassil. species accepted Maesa blinii H.Lév. species synonym Celastrus tristis H.Lév. species synonym Celastrus lyi H.Lév. species synonym Rhamnus davurica P.Lawson species synonym Rhamnus parvifolia subsp. tumetica (Grubov) N.W.Ma subspecies synonym Rhamnus owiakensis Hayata species synonym Rhamnus mudgei Lesquereux, 1891 species accepted Rhamnus gaudini Heer, 1859 species accepted Rhamnus inaequilateralis Lesquereux, 1892 species accepted Rhamnus washakiensis Cockerell, 1908 species accepted Rhamnus ×mehreganii Alijanpoor & Khodayari species accepted Rhamnus eorectinervis Knowlton, 1919 species accepted Rhamnus elegans Humboldt et al., 1825 species accepted Rhamnus rahiminejadii Alijanpoor & Assadi species accepted Rhamnus belmontensis Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919 species accepted Rhamnus coushatta Berry, 1916 species accepted Rhamnus kansensis Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919 species accepted Rhamnus fischeri Lesquereux, 1871 species accepted Rhamnus crenatulus Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919 species accepted Rhamnus alaternoides Heer, 1859 species accepted Rhamnus meriani Heer, 1873 species accepted Rhamnus williardi Knowlton, 1916 species accepted Rhamnus florissantensis Cockerell, 1908 species accepted Rhamnus newberryi Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919 species accepted Rhamnus eridani Unger, 1850 species accepted Rhamnus obovatus Lesquereux, 1868 species accepted Rhamnus acuminatifolius Weber, 1872 species accepted Rhamnus kirchneri Cockerell, 1906 species accepted Rhamnus quilchensis Penhallow, 1908 species accepted Rhamnus deletus Heer, 1871 species accepted Rhamnus inermis Münchh. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus saxatilis f. saxatilis form synonym Rhamnus crenatus Lesquereux, 1888 species synonym Rhamnus prunifolius Lesquereux, 1883 species synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. pumila Berdau variety synonym Rhamnus oleaefolius Lesquereux, 1883 species synonym Rhamnus cathartica f. montana (Brügger) Braun-Blanq. form synonym Rhamnus ishidae f. glabriuscula T.Shimizu form synonym Rhamnus arnottiana Gardner ex Thwaites species accepted Rhamnus ×intermedia Steud. & Hochst. species accepted Rhamnus integrifolia DC. species accepted Rhamnus sphenophylla Borbás species doubtful Rhamnus infusionum Delile species synonym Rhamnus infectoria L. species accepted Rhamnus inebrians R.Br. species synonym Rhamnus inconspicua Grubov species synonym Alaternus integrifolius (DC.) Raf. species proparte synonym Rhamnus songorica Gontsch. species accepted Rhamnus imeretiae hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Rhamnus sieboldiana Makino species synonym Rhamnus shozoensis Nakai species synonym Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq. species synonym Rhamnus ×hybrida L'Hér. species accepted Rhamnus hupehensis C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus humifusa Schur species synonym Rhamnus horridissima Bornm. species synonym Rhamnus serpyllifolia Emb. & Maire species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus holstii Engl. species synonym Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet species accepted Rhamnus hirtella Boiss. species accepted Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) Kamelin species accepted Rhamnus senamensis Koidz. species synonym Rhamnus ×sempervirens Dum.Cours. species synonym Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv. species accepted Rhamnus ×schurii Kárpáti species doubtful Rhamnus schneideri H.Lév. & Vaniot species accepted Rhamnus schlechteri Lauterb. species accepted Rhamnus hederacea Delort. ex Nyman species synonym Rhamnus saxitilis X.H.Song species doubtful Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun species accepted Rhamnus saxatilis var. nana (Lange) O.Bolòs & Vigo variety synonym Rhamnus saxatilis var. infectoria (L.) Molero Mesa & Pérez Raya variety synonym Rhamnus sargentiana C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus grandifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb., 1843 species accepted Rhamnus grandiflora C.Y.Wu species accepted Rhamnus graeca Kotschy ex Boiss. species proparte synonym Rhamnus salicifolia hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Rhamnus sagorskii Bornm. species synonym Rhamnus rupestris Royle species heterotypic synonym Cormonema biglandulosum (Sessé & Moc.) Standl. species synonym Rhamnus globosa var. meyeri (C.K.Schneid.) S.Y.Li & Z.H.Ning variety synonym Rhamnus rugulosa var. glabrata Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou variety synonym Rhamnus rugulosa var. chekiangensis (W.C.Cheng) Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou variety synonym Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton species accepted Rhamnus glabra (Nakai) Nakai species synonym Rhamnus gilgiana Heppeler species accepted Rhamnus ×gayeri Kárpáti ex Soó species accepted Rhamnus ×americana Dippel species synonym Rhamnus formosana Matsum. species accepted Rhamnus flavescens Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species accepted Rhamnus roylei K.Koch species synonym Cervispina infectoria (L.) Fourr. species synonym Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench species synonym Rhamnus rostrata Grubov species doubtful Rhamnus rosthornii E.Pritz. ex Diels, 1900 species doubtful Rhamnus rosei M.C.Johnst. & L.A.Johnst. species accepted Rhamnus robusta Anon. species doubtful Rhamnus erythroxylum Pall. species accepted Rhamnus rhodesica Suess. species synonym Rhamnus erythroxyla St.-Lag. species synonym Rhamnus eriocarpa O.Schwarz species synonym Rhamnus ramiflora Rich. species doubtful Rhamnus elbursensis Gauba & Rech.fil. species synonym Rhamnus dumetorum C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus qianweiensis Z.Y.Zhu species accepted Rhamnus pyrella O.Schwarz species accepted Rhamnus dolichophylla Gontsch. species accepted Rhamnus disticha Sessé & Moc. species doubtful Rhamnus disperma Ehrenb. ex Boiss. species accepted Ceanothus triqueter Wall. species synonym Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai species synonym Rhamnus deflersii Schweinf. ex Fiori species synonym Rhamnus decipiens T.Itô species synonym Rhamnus purpurea Edgew. species accepted Rhamnus purandharensis Bhandari & Bhansali species accepted Rhamnus punctata Boiss. species accepted Rhamnus daliensis G.S.Fan & L.L.Deng species accepted Rhamnus dalianensis S.Y.Li & Z.H.Ning species accepted Rhamnus pulogensis Merr. species accepted Ziziphus lucida Moench species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus pruniformis H.Lév. species synonym Rhamnus prunifolia Sieber ex Steud. species synonym Rhamnus prostrata Jacq. species accepted Rhamnus procumbens Edgew. species accepted Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. species accepted Rhamnus prinifolia Salisb. species synonym Rhamnus potaninii J.J.Vassil. species synonym Rhamnus crenulata Aiton species accepted Rhamnus costata Maxim. species accepted Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz. species accepted Rhamnus ×pissjaukovae O.A.Popova species accepted Rhamnus pinnata Sessé & Moc. species doubtful Rhamnus cordata Medw. species accepted Rhamnus conjugata Grubov species doubtful Rhamnus ×colmeiroi D.Rivera, Obón & Selma species accepted Rhamnus pichleri C.K.Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm. species accepted Rhamnus collettii Bhandari & Bhansali species accepted Rhamnus pianensis Kaneh. species synonym Rhamnus philippinensis C.B.Rob. species accepted Sageretia yunlongensis G.S.Fan & L.L.Deng species synonym Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa species accepted Rhamnus persicifolia Moris species accepted Rhamnus persica Boiss. species accepted Rhamnus pentapomica R.Parker species accepted Rhamnus pentaphylla Sessé & Moc. species doubtful Rhamnus chugokuensis Hatus. species synonym Rhamnus pedunculata hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Rhamnus pauciflora Hochst. ex A.Rich. species synonym Rhamnus chlorophora Decne. species synonym Rhamnus parvifolia var. tumetica (Grubov) E.W.Ma variety synonym Rhamnus chinensis Koehne species synonym Rhamnus papuana Lauterb. species accepted Rhamnus chiennanensis Z.R.Xu species doubtful Rhamnus paniculiflora C.K.Schneid. species synonym Rhamnus chekiangensis W.C.Cheng species synonym Rhamnus celtifolia Thunb. species synonym Rhamnus cavaleriei H.Lév. species proparte synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. intermedia Maxim. variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. dahurica (Pall.) Maxim. variety synonym Rhamnus ovatilimba Merr. & F.P.Metcalf species doubtful Rhamnus ovalifolia hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm. species accepted Rhamnus oiwakensis Hayata species synonym Rhamnus occidentalis Sessé & Moc. species doubtful Rhamnus calycifolia Sessé & Moc. species doubtful Sageretia horridissima (Bornm.) Grubov species synonym Rhamnus nipalensis M.A.Lawson, 1875 species accepted Rhamnus ninglangensis Y.L.Chen species accepted Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz. species accepted Rhamnus nigrescens Lauterb. species accepted Ceanothus napalensis Wall. species synonym Rhamnus calderoniae R.Fern. species accepted Rhamnus nambuana Honda species synonym Rhamnus nakaharai (Hayata) Hayata, 1911 species synonym Rhamnus ×calcicola Hatus. species accepted Sageretia bodinieri H.Lév. species synonym Rhamnus cachemirica Gand. species synonym Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk. species accepted Rhamnus ×burgundiaca Desf. species synonym Rhamnus ×mulleyana Fritsch species accepted Rhamnus bungeana J.J.Vassil. species accepted ×Rhamzogia mercieri (Briq.) W.Vent species synonym Rhamnus buergeri Miq. species synonym ×Rhamzogia hybrida (L'Hér.) W.Vent species synonym Rhamnus monspeliensis hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Rhamnus mongolica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao species accepted Rhamnus mollis Merr. species accepted Rhamnus brachypoda C.Y.Wu species accepted Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino species accepted Rhamnus minuta Grubov species synonym Rhamnus minor Mill. species synonym Rhamnus xizangensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species accepted Rhamnus minnanensis K.M.Li species accepted Rhamnus xanthocarpa K.Koch species synonym Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl. species accepted Rhamnus wumingensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species accepted Rhamnus microphylla Larrañaga species doubtful Rhamnus ×woloszczakii Kárpáti species accepted Rhamnus wilsonii var. lancifolius S.C.Li & X.M.Liu variety synonym Rhamnus blinii (H.Lév.) Rehder species synonym Rhamnus willdenowiana Schult. species synonym Rhamnus wihhor Lucé species synonym Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn. species accepted Oreoherzogia ×mulleyana (Fritsch) W.Vent species synonym Rhamnus billardii Dippel species doubtful Rhamnus wicklia K.Koch species synonym Rhamnus ×billardii Lavallée species synonym Rhamnus wichellii K.Koch species synonym Rhamnus biglandulosa Sessé & Moc. species accepted Rhamnus meyeri C.K.Schneid. species synonym Rhamnus biflora D.Dietr. species accepted Ziziphus agrestis (Lour.) Schult. species synonym Rhamnus viridis hort. ex Lavallée species accepted Rhamnus ×bermejoi P.Fraga & Rosselló species accepted Rhamnus baptica Decne. ex Rondot species doubtful Rhamnus viridifolia Liou species synonym Rhamnus balearica Willk. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov species accepted Rhamnus macrophylla Carrière species synonym Rhamnus velutina Boiss. species accepted Rhamnus aurea Heppeler species accepted Rhamnus lycium Scop. species synonym Rhamnus utilis var. multinervis Y.Q.Zhu & D.K.Zang variety synonym Rhamnus ussuriensis J.J.Vassil. species accepted Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat species accepted Rhamnus uninervis Dulac species synonym Rhamnus uhligii Engl. species synonym Rhamnus uasuriensis J.J.Vassil., 1940 species accepted Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species accepted Rhamnus longifolia Dum.Cours. species doubtful Rhamnus turbinata Sessé & Moc. species doubtful Rhamnus lojaconoi Raimondo species accepted Rhamnus tumetica Grubov species synonym Rhamnus liukiuensis (E.H.Wilson) Grubov species synonym Rhamnus triquetra Wall., 1824 species doubtful Rhamnus leveilleana Fedde species synonym Rhamnus tonkinensis Pit. species accepted Rhamnus leptophylla C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus leptacantha C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus ledermannii Lauterb. species synonym Rhamnus laoshanensis D.K.Zang species accepted Rhamnus albida Larrañaga species doubtful Rhamnus thymifolia Bornm. species accepted Rhamnus agrestis Lour. species doubtful Rhamnus lamprophylla C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus adonaefolia species accepted Rhamnus teidis Brouss. ex Roem. & Schult. species synonym Rhamnus kwangsiensis Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species accepted Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen. species accepted Rhamnus acuminata Colebr., 1832 species accepted Rhamnus tangutica J.Vassil. species accepted Rhamnus koraiensis C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus kiusiana Hatus. species synonym Rhamnus sylvatica J.Serres species synonym Rhamnus ketmenica Lipsky ex Gontsch. species synonym Rhamnus kayacikii Davis & Yalt. species accepted Rhamnus kanagusukii Makino species accepted Rhamnus surinamensis Scop. species doubtful Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb. species accepted Alaternus glandulosus (Aiton) Raf. species synonym Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl. species accepted Alaternus cordatus Raf. species doubtful Rhamnus subapetala Merr. species accepted Alaternus balearica Duhamel ex Steud. species synonym Rhamnus javanica Miq. species accepted Rhamnus ×jacobi-salvadorii O.Bolòs & Vigo species accepted Rhamnus staddo A.Rich. species accepted Rhamnus iteinophylla C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus arguta var. arguta variety synonym Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudô species accepted Rhamnus hemsleyana C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus rugulosa Hemsl. species accepted Rhamnus rugulosa var. rugulosa variety synonym Rhamnus esquirolii var. esquirolii variety synonym Rhamnus erythroxyloides Hoffmanns. species accepted Rhamnus crenata Baker & S.Moore species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge species accepted Rhamnus capriifolia species accepted Rhamnus wilsonii C.K.Schneid. species accepted Rhamnus wilsonii var. wilsonii variety synonym Rhamnus maximovicziana J.J.Vassil. species accepted Rhamnus maximovicziana var. maximovicziana variety synonym Rhamnus virgata Roxb. species accepted Rhamnus tortuosa Sommier & Levier species accepted Rhamnus capraeifolia species accepted Rhamnus heterophylla var. oblongifolia E.Pritz. variety synonym Rhamnus fulvotincta F.P.Metcalf species accepted Rhamnus sectipetala Mart. ex Reissek species accepted Ranunculus hybrida (L'Hér.) W.Vent, 1962 species synonym Rhamnus blinii var. sargentiana (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder variety synonym Rhamnus virgata var. parvifolia Maxim. variety synonym Rhamnus longpipes Steyerm. species accepted Cardiolepis spinosa Raf. species doubtful Condalia coriacea Rchb. species synonym Colubrina triquetra Wall. ex G.Don species synonym Colubrina nepaulensis (Wall.) G.Don species synonym Rhamnus liukiuensis (E.H.Wilson) Koidz. species accepted Rhamnus persica P.Lawson species doubtful Rhamnus americana hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Rhamnus pubescens Poir. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus bourgaeanus Gand. species synonym Rhamnus liboensis Y.F.Deng species accepted Rhamnus staddo var. deflersii (Schweinf. ex Fiori) Engl. variety synonym Rhamnus virgata var. sylvestris Maxim. variety proparte synonym Rhamnus coriacea Brouss. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus coriacea Brouss. ex Schult. species synonym Ceanothus wightiana Wall. species synonym Rhamnus schneideri var. schneideri variety synonym Rhamnus ×calcicola Rech.f. species doubtful Rhamnus globosa var. glabra Nakai variety synonym Rhamnus alaternus var. angustifolia DC. variety synonym Rhamnus saxatilis subsp. infectoria (L.) P.Fourn. subspecies synonym Rhamnus infectoria W.D.J.Koch species doubtful Rhamnus virgata var. mongolica Maxim. variety synonym Rhamnus tinctoria Hemsl. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus parvifolius Newberry, 1882 species synonym Rhamnus dechenii Weber, 1852 species accepted Rhamnus napalensis (Wall.) M.A.Lawson species accepted Rhamnus rectinervis Heer species accepted Rhamnus plenus MacGinitie, 1937 species accepted Rhamnus calyptus MacGinitie, 1941 species accepted Rhamnus pilushanensis Y.C.Liu & C.M.Wang species accepted Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata species accepted Rhamnus bodinieri f. silvicola C.K.Schneid. form synonym Rhamnus balearica Steud. species synonym Rhamnus parvifolia var. tumetica (Grubov) N.W.Ma variety synonym Rhamnus alaternus var. hispanica DC. variety synonym Ceanothus nepalensis Wall. species synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Wirtg. variety synonym Rhamnus triquetra (Wall.) M.A.Lawson species accepted Rhamnus cathartica var. hydriensis (Hacq.) DC. variety synonym Rhamnus ×hybrida var. billardii Dippel variety synonym Rhamnus saxatilis var. latifolia Rouy variety synonym Rhamnus costata f. pubescens Hiyama form synonym Rhamnus infectoria var. nana Lange variety synonym Rhamnus purpusii Schelle species doubtful Rhamnus terniflora DC. species doubtful Rhamnus prostrata Jacquem. ex R.Parker species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus virgata Maxim. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. species accepted Rhamnus globosa Bunge species accepted Rhamnus oleoides Lam. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus lycioides L. species accepted Rhamnus alaternus L. species accepted Prunus taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot species synonym Rhamnus arguta Maxim. species accepted Rhamnus utilis Decne. species accepted Rhamnus japonica Maxim. species accepted Rhamnus davuricus Pall. species accepted Rhamnus cathartica L. species accepted Rhamnus incana Carrière species doubtful Rhamnus nepalensis (Wall.) M.A.Lawson species accepted Rhamnus arguta var. nakaharae Hayata variety synonym Rhamnus spinosa Gilib. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus globosa Siebold & Zucc. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus leptophylla var. scabrella Rehder variety synonym Rhamnus ×ovalifolia G.Nicholson species synonym Rhamnus calcicola Q.H.Chen species synonym Rhamnus cadevallii Pau species synonym Rhamnus inconspicuus Grubov species synonym Rhamnus davurica var. liukiuensis E.H.Wilson variety synonym Ceanothus triquetrus Wall. species synonym Rhamnus atlantica Murb. species accepted Alaternus prinoides (L'Hér.) Raf. species synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Lange variety synonym Rhamnus elaeocarpum Reissek species doubtful Rhamnus obovatilimba Merr. & F.P.Metcalf species synonym Rhamnus taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) H.Lév. species accepted Rhamnus rosthornii E.Pritz. species accepted Rhamnus velutina J.Anthony species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus solutina Erndt species synonym Alaternus ×hybridus (L'Hér.) Raf. species synonym Rhamnus imeretina Koehne, 1893 species accepted Rhamnus serpyllifolia H.Lév. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus amygdalina Moris species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus microphylla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819 species accepted Rhamnus nipponica Makino, 1904 species accepted Rhamnus grubovii I.M.Turner species accepted Rhamnus virgata var. aprica Maxim. variety synonym Rhamnus bodinieri H.Lév. species accepted Rhamnus ×gayeri Kárpáti species homotypic synonym Rhamnus virgata var. sylvestris Maxim. variety proparte synonym Rhamnus sylvatica M.Serres species doubtful Rhamnus nitida Davis species accepted Rhamnus arguta var. nakaharai Hayata variety synonym Rhamnus grandiflora C.Y.Wu ex Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species doubtful Rhamnus leptophylla var. milensis C.K.Schneid. variety synonym Rhamnus lycioides subsp. bourgaeana (Gand.) Malag. subspecies synonym Rhamnus tinctoria Mutel species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus triquetra (Wall.) Brandis species synonym Rhamnus decussatus Ruiz & Pav. species doubtful Rhamnus globosa var. ziziphifolia Tang variety synonym Rhamnus costata var. nambuana Honda variety synonym Rhamnus ×spathulifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. species accepted Rhamnus oleoides subsp. tauricola Davis subspecies synonym Rhamnus brachypoda C.Y.Wu ex Y.L.Chen & P.K.Chou species doubtful Rhamnus saxatilis Host species synonym Rhamnus utilis f. glaber Rehder form synonym Rhamnus asplenifolia Carrière species doubtful Rhamnus infectoria Tchich. species synonym Rhamnus polymorpha Turcz. species heterotypic synonym Rhamnus oleoides L. species accepted Rhamnus ×mercieri Briq. species accepted Rhamnus quitensis Willd. species accepted Rhamnus prinoides var. obtusifolia Kuntze variety synonym Rhamnus salicifolia hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus hamatidens H.Lév. species synonym Rhamnus revoluta Lesquereux, 1891 species accepted Rhamnus tenax Lesquereux, 1868 species accepted Rhamnus esquirolii H.Lév. species accepted Rhamnus pachyphylla A.Heller species homotypic synonym Rhamnus acuta Heer, 1882 species accepted Rhamnus precalifornica Axelrod, 1939 species accepted Rhamnus cathartica var. silvatica (J.Serres) St.-Lag. variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica subsp. hydriensis (Hacq.) Nyman subspecies synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. hydriensis (Hacq.) P.Fourn. variety synonym Rhamnus illyrica subsp. orbiculata (Bornm.) Fukarek subspecies synonym Rhamnus sladdo Walp., 1852 species accepted Rhamnus illyrica var. orbiculata (Bornm.) Simonk. variety synonym Rhamnus perrieri species synonym Rhamnus matudai Lundell species doubtful Rhamnus cathartica Pall., 1776 species doubtful Rhamnus dahuricus P.Lawson species synonym Rhamnus sukatschewii E.L.Wolf species doubtful Rhamnus cathartica var. caucasica Kusn. variety synonym Rhamnus dahuricus var. liukiuensis Wilson variety synonym Rhamnus globosa var. taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai variety synonym Rhamnus cathartica var. seravschanica Kom. variety synonym Ranunculus mercieri (Briq.) W.Vent, 1962 species synonym Rhamnus ovalifolia hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus arnottiana Gardner species homotypic synonym Rhamnus salicifolius Lesquereux, 1868 species accepted Rhamnus hederacea Delort. species homotypic synonym Colubrina triquetra Wall. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus teidis Brouss. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus viridis hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus imeretiae hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus deflersii Schweinf. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus serrata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819 species accepted Rhamnus prunifolius Sieber, 1841 species accepted Alaternus balearica Duhamel species homotypic synonym Rhamnus baptica Decne. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus pedunculata hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus ketmenica Lipsky species homotypic synonym Rhamnus disperma Ehrenb. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus pauciflora Hochst. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus monspeliensis hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus americana hort. species homotypic synonym Rhamnus cleburni Lesquereux, 1872 species accepted Rhamnus elegans Newberry, 1868 species synonym Rhamnus woottonensis Knowlton, 1918 species accepted Rhamnus tinctoria L. ex Loefl., 1758 species accepted Rhamnus puryearensis Berry, 1916 species accepted Rhamnus prinoides var. acuminata Kuntze variety synonym Rhamnus goldianus Lesquereux, 1872 species accepted Rhamnus novaecaesareae Berry, 1903 species accepted Rhamnus similis Lesquereux, 1891 species accepted Rhamnus lesquereuxi Berry, 1918 species accepted Rhamnus deformatus Lesquereux, 1883 species accepted Rhamnus marginatus Lesquereux, 1860 species accepted Rhamnus eoligniticus Berry, 1916 species accepted Rhamnus intermedius Lesquereux, 1871 species synonym
DataSource	GBIF Backbone Taxonomy 2023-08-28