Detail

Betula L.

higherClassification: Plantae > Tracheophyta > Magnoliopsida > Fagales > Betulaceae

taxonID	2875008
datasetID	7ddf754f-d193-4cc9-b351-99906754a03b
parentNameUsageID	4688
scientificName	Betula L.
scientificNameAuthorship	L.
canonicalName	Betula
genericName	Betula
taxonRank	genus
namePublishedIn	Sp. Pl.: 982 (1753)
taxonomicStatus	accepted
kingdom	Plantae
phylum	Tracheophyta
class	Magnoliopsida
order	Fagales
family	Betulaceae
genus	Betula
Child	Betula kirghisorum Sav.-Rycz. species accepted Betula pendula f. dalecarlica (L.f.) C.K.Schneid. form synonym Betula jiulungensis Hu ex P.C.Li, 1979 species accepted Betula nana var. macrophylla Kindb. variety synonym Betula fusca Pall., 1776 species accepted Betula palustris Rupr. species heterotypic synonym Betula ×conmixta Sarg. species synonym Betula elrodiana B.T.Butler species synonym Betula alba var. microphylla Wallr. variety synonym Betula papyrifera subsp. subcordata (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) A.E.Murray subspecies synonym Betula sibirica (Ledeb.) C.Pei species heterotypic synonym Betula papyracea var. cordifolia (Regel) Schelle variety synonym Betula occidentalis subsp. fecunda (Fernald) A.E.Murray subspecies synonym Betula lutea var. alleghaniensis (Britton) Ashe. variety synonym Betula kamtschatica H.Buek species heterotypic synonym Betula rhombifolia Nutt. species doubtful Betula fruticosa var. ruprechtiana Trautv. variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia (Regel) Regel variety synonym Betula chinensis f. linearisquama Hatus. form synonym Betula nigra Du Roi species doubtful Betula alba var. intermedia (Hartm.) Wahlenb. variety synonym Betula zyzyphifolia Z.Wang & S.L.Tung species synonym Betula glaebosa Notø species doubtful Betula apoiensis Nakai species accepted Betula setarioides H.Winkl. species doubtful Betula delavayi var. delavayi variety synonym Betula nana f. reducta (Hultén) B.Boivin form synonym Betula glandulosa var. sibirica S.F.Blake variety synonym Betula populifolia var. laciniata Loudon variety synonym Betula populifolia (Dryand.), 1789 species doubtful Betula incana Roth, 1800 species accepted Betula pumila subsp. glandulifera (Regel) Á.Löve & D.Löve subspecies synonym Betula lobulata Kanitz, 1863 species synonym Betula dahurica f. ovalifolia (Liou) S.L.Tung form synonym Betula resinifera Royle species doubtful Betula maximowiczii Regel species heterotypic synonym Betula exalata S.Moore species synonym Betula fontinalis var. inopina (Jeps.) Jeps. variety synonym Betula grandifolia Ettingshausen, 1867 species accepted Betula obscura Kotula species accepted Betula verrucosa f. elegans Dippel form synonym Betula fruticosa var. ovalifolia (Rupr.) S.L.Tung variety synonym Betula nana var. relicta Th.Fr. ex Gürke variety synonym Betula reticulata Laestad. ex Regel, 1868 species accepted Betula alba var. microphylla Regel variety synonym Betula microphylla var. lobatula P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula rezniczenkoana var. litwinovii P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula alba subsp. nana (L.) Bonnier & Layens subspecies synonym Betula ×zabelii (Dippel) Dippel & Schelle species accepted Betula microphylla var. caraganicola P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula microphylla var. coreana Nakai variety synonym Betula rezniczenkoana var. obiquesquamata P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) St.-Lag. variety synonym Betula bhojpatra hort. species homotypic synonym Betula microphylla var. elongala P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula schmidtii var. lancea Nakai variety synonym Betula alba subsp. pubescens (Ehrh.) Bonnier & Layens, 1894 subspecies synonym Betula baicalensis f. obscura Popov form synonym Betula rupestris Raf. species synonym Betula derbetica var. amnicola P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula sect species accepted Betula microphylla var. baischanti P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula microphylla var. monticola P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula hainanensis J.Zeng, B.Q.Ren, J.Y.Zhu & Z.D.Chen species accepted Betula nana x pubescens species accepted Betula nana x pendula species accepted Betula nana × pendula species accepted Betula michauxii × Betula pumila var. pumila species accepted Betula crenata Rydb., 1909 species accepted Betula lenta Regel, 1861 species doubtful Betula lutea var. macrolepis Fernald variety synonym Betula glabrata Wahlenb. species doubtful Betula hybrida Regel, 1861 species doubtful Betula ashburneri McAll. & Rushforth species accepted Betula laciniata Wahlenb. species synonym Betula populifolia f. laciniata (Loudon) form synonym Betula ×utahensis Dugle species doubtful Betula alba subsp. papyrifera (Marshall) Regel subspecies synonym Betula ×eastwoodiae Dugle species doubtful Betula pumila f. glabrescens H.J.P.Winkl., 1904 form synonym Betula lyalliana Koehne species synonym Betula cylindrostachys Wall. ex Diels species doubtful Betula pulchella Lindeb. ex Kindb. species accepted Betula rubra Regel species doubtful Betula dahurica var. oblongifolia Liou variety synonym Betula saviczii V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula papyrifera subsp. kenaica (W.H.Evans) A.E.Murray subspecies synonym Betula glandulifera (Regel) B.T.Butler species synonym Betula papyrifera Michx., 1803 species doubtful Betula verrucosa f. dalecarlica L.f. form synonym Betula corylifolia Griff. species doubtful Betula occidentalis f. inopina Jeps. form synonym Betula bhojpatra hort. ex Koehne, 1893 species accepted Betula trichogemma (L.C.Hu) T.Hong species synonym Betula borealis Auth. species synonym Betula verrucosa var. bircalensis Mela variety synonym Betula ×sandbergii (Britton) Voss species homotypic synonym Betula ×pubescentoides H.Lév., 1915 species synonym Betula alba var. cordifolia (Regel) Regel variety synonym Betula michauxii Sarg. species doubtful Betula turfosa Weigel species homotypic synonym Betula nana var. relicta Th.Fr. variety homotypic synonym Betula frutescens hort. species homotypic synonym Betula cuspidata Schrad. species homotypic synonym Betula pontica Desf. species homotypic synonym Betula sibirica Lodd. species homotypic synonym Betula latifolia Andrz. species doubtful Betula nana var. macrophylla Gaudin variety synonym Betula nigra Duhamel, 1806 species doubtful Betula hesterna Hickey, 1977 species accepted Betula delavayi var. polyneura L.C.Hu variety synonym Betula rotundifolia Spach species heterotypic synonym Betula iddingsi Knowlton, 1899 species accepted Betula viminea var. serrulata Kindb. variety synonym Betula skvortsovii McAll. & Ashburner species accepted Betula ruprechtiana Trautv. species doubtful Betula alba subsp. songarica Regel subspecies synonym Betula urticifolia Curtois ex Steud., 1840 species accepted Betula papyrifera f. papyrifera form synonym Betula carelica Merk. species doubtful Betula obovata B.T.Butler species proparte synonym Betula humilis var. genuina Kjellm., 1883 variety synonym Betula chinensis var. chinensis variety synonym Betula camtschatica Regel species doubtful Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis (Fernald) Brayshaw variety synonym Betula excelsa Pursh species heterotypic synonym Betula pumila f. glandulifera (Regel) H.J.P.Winkl. form synonym Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) W.T.Aiton variety synonym Betula falcata V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula alpina Borkh. ex Rchb. species accepted Betula ×glandulosa Berl. species doubtful Betula medwedieaii Regel species doubtful "Betula nana x pubescens subsp. czerepanovii " species synonym Betula pendula × pubescens species accepted Betula nana × pubescens ssp. pubescens species synonym Betula pendula x pubescens species accepted Betula nana x pubescens subsp. pubescens species synonym Betula humilis x pendula species accepted Betula nana × pubescens species accepted "Betula nana × pubescens ssp. czerepanovii " species synonym Betula nana × pubescens subsp. czerepanovii species accepted Betula nana × pubescens subsp. pubescens species accepted Betula nana x pubescens ssp. pubescens species synonym Betula humilis x pubescens species accepted "Betula nana x pubescens ssp. czerepanovii " species synonym Betula chengiana C.C.Yang species doubtful Betula dauurica Pall., 1784 species accepted Betula series species accepted Betula skvorsovii McAll. & Ashburner species accepted Betula fangiana N.Chao & C.C.Yang species doubtful Betula cylindrostachya Lindl. species synonym Betula sandbergii nothovar. fernaldii Lepage variety synonym Betula nana var. vulgaris Leskov variety synonym Betula papyrifera subsp. papyrifera subspecies synonym Betula alba var. pubescens (Ehrh.) Hartm. variety synonym Betula chinensis f. lancifolia (Nakai ex T.Mori) M.Kim form synonym Betula divertica Ledeb. species synonym Betula caerulea subsp. grandis (Blanch.) B.Boivin subspecies synonym Betula alnoides var. cylindrostachya (Lidl. ex Wall.) Regel variety synonym Betula nana var. tundrarum (Perfil.) Elven variety synonym Betula chinensis var. lancifolia Nakai variety homotypic synonym Betula potaninii var. trichogemma L.C. variety synonym Betula davurica var. americana Regel variety synonym Betula bhojpattra Lindley species synonym Betula luminifera var. baeumderi (H.Winkler) P.C.Kuo variety synonym Betula verrucosa Enrhart species synonym Betula chinensis var. lancifolia Nakai ex Mori variety synonym Betula ordorata var. pubescens Mela variety synonym Betula wataica Mayr species synonym Betula nigra var. parviflora Regel variety synonym Betula schmidtii f. lancea (Nakai) M.Kim form synonym Betula nitida Lindl. ex Wall. species synonym Betula humulis var. ruprechtii Regel variety synonym Betula nitida Lindl. species homotypic synonym Betula litvinovii Doluch. species accepted Betula medwedewii Reg. species accepted Betula lenta DuRoi species synonym Betula pubescens f. dumetorum Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. falcata Laest. form synonym Betula papyrifera var. communis Regel ex Schelle variety synonym Betula pubescens f. amoena Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. turgida Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. torminalis Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. latisquama Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. hirsuta Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. auriculata Laest. form synonym Betula tumantica C.Y.Yang & J.Wang species synonym Betula pubescens f. parallela Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. submontana Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. cordata Laest. form synonym Betula verrusosa f. serrata Mörner form synonym Betula pubescens f. helvola Laest. form synonym Betula davurica var. typica Regel variety synonym Betula pubescens f. ludens Laest. form synonym Betula microphylla var. tumantica C.Y.Yang & J.Wang variety synonym Betula pubescens f. mellifera Laest. form synonym Betula papyrifera var. lyalliana Koehne ex Schelle variety synonym Betula pubescens f. curtipendula Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. stenocarpa Laest. form synonym Betula alba subsp. pendula (Roth) Regel subspecies proparte synonym Betula pubescens f. reticulata Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. barbara Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. nemorosa Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. horrida Laest. form synonym Betula obovata B.T.Butler species proparte synonym Betula litvinovii var. recurvata I.V.Vassil. variety synonym Betula macrophylla Göppert, 1859 species accepted Betula macclintockia Cramer, 1868 species accepted Betula fallax Lesquereux, 1888 species accepted Betula elliptica Saporta, 1861 species accepted Betula perantiqua Dawson, 1882 species accepted Betula prisca Ettingshausen, 1851 species accepted Betula beatriciana Lesquereux, 1868 species accepted Betula parcedentata Lesquereux, 1883 species accepted Betula gracilis Ludwig, 1861 species accepted Betula schimperi Lesquereux, 1888 species accepted Betula goepperti Lesquereux, 1878 species synonym Betula pendula f. pendula form synonym Betulaster affinis Spach species synonym Betulaster nitida (D.Don) Spach species synonym Betulaster acuminata Spach species synonym Chamaebetula glandulosa (Michx.) Opiz species synonym Chamaebetula hookeri Opiz species synonym Betulaster cylindrostachya (Wall.) Spach species synonym Chamaebetula pumila (L.) Opiz species synonym Chamaebetula nana (L.) Opiz species synonym Chamaebetula rotundifolia (Spach) Opiz species synonym Chamaebetula acutifolia Opiz species synonym Chamaebetula humilis (Schrank) Opiz species synonym Chamaebetula gmelinii (Bunge) Opiz species synonym Apterocaryon michauxii (Spach) Opiz species synonym Betula lutea var. lutea variety synonym Betula viminea Kindb. species synonym Betula papyrifera subsp. commutata (Regel) A.E.Murray subspecies synonym Betula dahurica var. tiliifolia Liou variety synonym Betula excelsa (Dryand.), 1813 species accepted Betula songarica Regel species doubtful Betula alba f. occidentalis (Hook.) Fernald form synonym Betula pontica Desf. ex Steud., 1840 species accepted Betula hybrida Bechst. ex Fritsch, 1891 species accepted Betula papyrifera f. occidentalis (Hook.) H.F.Lewis form homotypic synonym Betula talassica Polyakov species synonym Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham., 1825 species doubtful Betula fruticosa Willd. species synonym Betula ×piperi C.L.Hitchc. species accepted Alnus nana (L.) Clairv. species synonym Betula subalpina Laest. species doubtful Betula subaequalis Laest. species doubtful Betula adasii T.V.Egorova & Sipliv. species synonym Betula ×borggreveana Zabel ex H.J.P.Winkl. species synonym Betula megalocarpa Laest. species doubtful Betula media Laest. species doubtful Betula maximowitschii Rupr., 1856 species accepted Betula humilis var. fastigiata Hort variety synonym Betula silvestris Laest. species doubtful Betula pubentissima V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula silvatica Laest. species doubtful Betula ×pseudocarpatica Simonk. species doubtful Betula ×eastwoodae Sargent species accepted Betula dulcis W.Young species accepted Betula palmiformis Laest. species doubtful Betula ×aschersoniana Hayek species doubtful Betula guthriei Sudw. species doubtful Betula ×plettkei Junge species accepted Betula luminifera f. pachystachya X.M.Liu form synonym Betula oxytzowiensis Dippel species doubtful Betula davurica Pall. species accepted Betula platyptera Kindb. species doubtful Betula angulata Steud. species doubtful Betula oxydathifolia hort. ex Adamow species accepted Betula darvasica Ovcz., Czukav. & Shibkova species synonym Betula rustica Laest. species doubtful Betula alnus-rugosa Du Roi, 1771 species accepted Betula alnus-incana Du Roi, 1771 species accepted Betula cyclophylla Nakai species synonym Betula cryptocarpa Laest. species doubtful Betula rossica Miniaev species doubtful Betula ×rosendahlii Butters & Abbe species accepted Betula niijimai Nakai species accepted Betula nanaeformis Lindeb. ex Kindb. species accepted Betula glaebosa Note species accepted Betula collina Nakai species synonym Betula fusenensis Nakai species synonym Betula pyrifolia L. ex B.D.Jacks. species accepted Betula purpusii f. fallax (Fassett) B.Boivin form synonym Betula triphylla Thunb. species doubtful Betula transsilvanica Schur species doubtful Betula ×grossii Natho species doubtful Betula touinia hort. ex Adamow species accepted Betula nakaiana Tatew. & Hurus. species doubtful Betula frutescens hort. ex Lavallée, 1877 species accepted Betula fischeri hort. ex Adamow species accepted Betula finitima Notø, 1901 species accepted Betula pulchella Dippel species synonym Betula schmidtii f. angustifolia (Makino & Nemoto) Sugim. ex H.Ohba form synonym Betula tilliifolia Laest. species doubtful Betula occidentalis var. occidentalis variety synonym Betula fruticosa Fries, 1850 species doubtful Betula nigra Murith, 1810 species doubtful Betula pseudoalafica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula ceratoptera G.H.Liu & Ma species synonym Betula minor Auth. species synonym Betula populifolia var. purpurea (Ellw. & P.Barry) Rehder variety synonym Betula alba var. carelica Merklein variety synonym Betula ethmensis Raf. ex Regel species synonym Betula alba var. pubescens (Ehrh.) Spach variety synonym Betula friesii Larss. species accepted Betula halophila Ching ex P.C.Li, 1979 species accepted Betula incisa Koidz. ex Komat., 1917 species accepted Betula occidentalis var. inopina (Jeps.) C.L.Hitchc. variety synonym Betula lutea var. fallax Fassett variety synonym Betula populifolia f. populifolia form synonym Betula acuminata Wall. species heterotypic synonym Betula alleghaniensis var. macrolepis (Fernald) F.Seym., 1982 variety synonym Betula ×intermedia (Hartm.) E.Thomas ex Gaudin species accepted Betula glandulosa var. pseudoalpestris Björnstr. variety synonym Betula pumila var. latipes H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula populifolia f. pendula (Loudon) H.J.P.Winkl. form synonym Betula papyrifera var. minor Tuck. variety synonym Betula alnus Thunb., 1784 species accepted Betula subcordata Rydb., 1909 species synonym Betula acuminata var. argula Regel variety synonym Betula ×caerulea Blanch. species accepted Betula ×caerulea var. blanchardii Sarg. variety synonym Betula ×caerulea var. grandis Blanch. variety synonym Betula ×caerulea-grandis Blanch. species synonym Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don species accepted Betula acuminata var. lancifolia Regel variety synonym Betula cylindrostachya var. pilosa (Regel) Regel variety synonym Betula acuminata var. arguta Regel variety synonym Betula acuminata var. pilosa Regel variety synonym Betula acuminata Ehrh. species heterotypic synonym Betula nitida D.Don species synonym Betula acuminata var. glabra Regel variety synonym Betula alnoides var. acuminata (Spach) H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula cylindrostachya var. subglabra Regel variety synonym Betula affinis (Spach) Endl. species synonym Betula ×hornei B.T.Butler species doubtful Betula ×ungavensis Lepage species synonym Betula nigra L. species accepted Betula rubra F.Michx. species synonym Betula americana Buc'hoz species synonym Betula lanulosa Michx. species synonym Betula psammophila V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula psammophila f. subcordata V.N.Vassil. form synonym Betula ×minor (Tuck.) Fernald species accepted Betula alba var. minor (Tuck.) Fernald variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. minor (Tuck.) S.Watson & J.M.Coult. variety synonym Betula papyracea var. minor Tuck. variety synonym Betula pubescens subsp. minor (Tuck.) Á.Löve & D.Löve subspecies synonym Betula ×saxophila Lepage species synonym Betula zinserlingii V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula ×uliginosa Dugle species accepted Betula turkestanica Litv. species synonym Betula ×sandbergii Britton species accepted Betula ×sandbergii f. maxima Rosend. form synonym Betula costata Trautv. species accepted Betula ermanii var. costata (Trautv.) Regel variety synonym Betula ulmifolia var. costata (Trautv.) Regel variety synonym Betula costata var. pubescens S.L.Liou variety synonym Betula potamophila V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula ×murrayana B.V.Barnes & Dancik species synonym Betula honanensis S.Y.Wang & C.L.Chang species accepted Betula ferganensis Vasil species accepted Betula ×raymundii Lepage species accepted Betula ×sukaczevii Soczeva species doubtful Betula harcynica Wender. ex Steud. species doubtful Betula ×intermedia Thomas ex Rchb. species doubtful Betula humilis Schrank species accepted Betula nana var. intermedia Regel variety heterotypic synonym Betula corylifolia Regel & Maxim. species accepted Betula glandulosa Michx. species accepted Betula glandulosa f. typica Kurtz form synonym Betula glandulosa var. rhomboidea Rosenv. variety synonym Betula glandulosa var. flabellifolia Rosenv. variety synonym Betula glandulosa var. pumila Alph.Wood variety synonym Betula glandulosa var. eucycla Lepage variety synonym Betula korshinskyi Litv. species synonym Betula megrelica Sosn. species accepted Betula ×paramushirensis Barkalov species accepted Betula alba subsp. pubescens (Ehrh.) Regel subspecies synonym Betula pubescens subsp. celtiberica (Rothm. & Vasc.) Rivas Mart. subspecies synonym Betula grandis Schrad. species synonym Betula lenta L. species accepted Betula alba subsp. frutescens Wallr. subspecies synonym Betula pubescens var. sibakademica Baran. variety synonym Betula celtiberica Rothm. & Vasc. species accepted Betula ethnensis Regel, 1868 species accepted Betula pubescens var. typica H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula alba var. pumila L. variety synonym Betula medwediewii Regel species accepted Betula ×aurata Borkh. species accepted Betula ×kateninii Tzvelev species synonym Betula ×atrata Domin species synonym Betula potaninii Batalin species accepted Betula potaninii var. trichogemma L.C.Hu variety synonym Betula wilsonii Bean species synonym Betula ×avatshensis Kom. species accepted Betula baicalensis Sukaczev species synonym Betula karagandensis V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula alleghaniensis Britton species accepted Betula lutea f. macrolepis (Fernald) Fernald form synonym Betula alleghaniensis f. macrolepis (Fernald) Brayshaw form synonym Betula excelsa Aiton species heterotypic synonym Betula lutea var. genuina Regel variety synonym Betula persicifolia K.Koch species synonym Betula lenta var. lutea Regel variety synonym Betula lutea var. alleghaniensis (Britton) Rehder variety synonym Betula lutea var. persicifolia Dippel variety synonym Betula alleghaniensis var. fallax (Fassett) Brayshaw variety synonym Betula lutea F.Michx. species synonym Betula lutea f. fallax Fassett form synonym Betula regeliana V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula tianschanica Rupr. species accepted Betula pubescens var. songarica Regel variety synonym Betula crassijulis Musch. species synonym Betula alatavica Musch. species synonym Betula grossa Siebold & Zucc. species accepted Betula carpinifolia Siebold & Zucc. species heterotypic synonym Betula ulmifolia var. sericea H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula pseudolenta V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula sollennis Koidz. species synonym Betula lenta var. carpinifolia Regel variety synonym Betula bhojpattra var. subcordata Regel variety synonym Betula ulmifolia var. subcordata (Regel) H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula ulmifolia Siebold & Zucc. species synonym Betula acuminatifolia V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula ermanii var. subcordata (Regel) Koidz. variety synonym Betula alba var. communis Regel variety heterotypic synonym Betula cylindrostachya Wall. species accepted Betula alnoides var. cylindrostachya (Wall.) H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula acuminata var. cylindrostachya (Wall.) Regel variety synonym Betula rhombibracteata P.C.Li species synonym Betula coriaceifolia V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula populifolia var. pendula Loudon variety synonym Betula excelsa var. canadensis Wangenh. variety synonym Betula alba var. populifolia (Marshall) Spach variety synonym Betula cuspidata Schrad. ex Regel species synonym Betula populifolia f. incisifolia Fernald form synonym Betula lenta var. populifolia (Marshall) Castigl. variety synonym Betula jarmolenkoana Golosk. species synonym Betula saposhnikovii subsp. jarmolenkoana (Golosk.) Ovcz. & Czukav. subspecies synonym Betula ×winteri Dugle species accepted Betula pumila L. species accepted Betula pumila var. typica Regel variety synonym Betula pumila f. pubescens H.J.P.Winkl. form synonym Betula pumila f. hallii (Howell) Brayshaw form synonym Betula neoborealis Lepage species synonym Betula pumila var. glabra Regel variety synonym Betula glandulifera (Regel) E.J.Butler species synonym Betula glandulosa var. hallii (Howell) C.L.Hitchc. variety synonym Betula pumila f. latipes (H.J.P.Winkl.) Lepage form synonym Betula hallii Howell species synonym Betula pumila var. glabrescens Regel variety synonym Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel variety synonym Betula pumila var. renifolia Fernald variety synonym Betula nana var. glandulifera (Regel) B.Boivin variety synonym Betula grayi Regel species synonym Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera (Regel) Gleason variety synonym Betula pumila var. setarioides H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula nana var. renifolia (Fernald) B.Boivin variety synonym Betula quebeccensis Burgsd. species synonym Betula pumila var. fastigiata Rehder variety synonym Betula pumila f. subcycla Lepage form synonym Betula saposhnikovii Sukaczev species synonym Betula kweichowensis Hu species accepted Betula gynoterminalis Y.C.Hsu & C.J.Wang species accepted Betula seravschanica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula bornmuelleri V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula hissarica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula bomiensis P.C.Li species accepted Betula calcicola (W.W.Sm.) P.C.Li species accepted Betula forrestii var. calcicola (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz. variety synonym Betula delavayi var. calcicola W.W.Sm. variety synonym Betula microphylla Bunge species accepted Betula derbetica P.A.Baranov species synonym Betula fedtschenkoana V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula czatkalensis V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula microphylla var. rezniczenkoana Litv. variety synonym Betula kelleriana Sukaczev species synonym Betula baranovii Sukaczev species synonym Betula tessingolica P.A.Baranov species synonym Betula pavlovii P.A.Baranov species synonym Betula gordiaginii P.A.Baranov species synonym Betula rezniczenkoana (Litv.) Schischk. species synonym Betula rumnica P.A.Baranov species synonym Betula fruticosa var. cuneifolia Regel variety synonym Betula turunica P.A.Baranov species synonym Betula chinensis Maxim. species accepted Betula exaltata S.Moore species synonym Betula fauriei H.Lév. ex Nakai species synonym Betula chinensis var. linearisquama (Hatus.) S.L.Tung variety synonym Betula chinensis var. fargesii (Franch.) P.C.Li variety synonym Betula fargesii Franch. species accepted Betula liaotungensis A.I.Baranov species synonym Betula chinensis var. nana Liou variety synonym Betula chinensis var. angusticarpa H.J.P.Winkl. variety synonym Betula dahurica Pall. species accepted Betula dahurica f. tiliifolia (Liou) S.L.Tung form synonym Betula dahurica f. oblongifolia (Liou) S.L.Tung form synonym Betula dahurica var. angustifolia Shirai variety synonym Betula dahurica var. ovalifolia Liou variety synonym Betula dahurica var. typica Regel variety synonym Betula ×heptopotamica V.N.Vassil. species accepted Betula schmidtii Regel species accepted Betula schmidtii var. angustifolia Makino & Nemoto variety synonym Betula raddeana Trautv. species accepted Betula aischatiae E.S.Husseinov species synonym Betula maarensis V.N.Vassil. & Husseinova species synonym Betula victoris E.S.Husseinov species synonym Betula globispica Shirai species accepted Betula kenaica W.H.Evans species synonym Betula neoalaskana var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) B.Boivin variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) A.Henry variety synonym Betula kamtschatica var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) C.-A.Jansson variety synonym Betula pendula Roth species accepted Betula pendula var. oycowiensis (Besser) Dippel variety proparte synonym Betula alba subsp. arborescens Wallr. subspecies synonym Betula alba var. microphylla Wimm. variety synonym Betula alba var. urticifolia Spach variety synonym Betula sunanensis Y.J.Zhang species accepted Betula ×arbuscula Dugle species synonym Betula lenta var. genuina Regel variety synonym Betula wuyiensis J.B.Xiao species accepted Betula nana L. species accepted Betula nana var. genuina Regel variety synonym Betula nana subsp. tundrarum (Perfil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve subspecies synonym Betula tundrarum Perfil. species synonym Betula nana subsp. perfiljevii (V.N.Vassil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve subspecies synonym Betula perfiljevii V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula nana subsp. relicta (Th.Fr. ex Gürke) Nyman subspecies synonym Betula crenata Rydb. ex E.J.Butler species synonym Betula nana var. reducta Hultén variety synonym Betula nana var. europaea Ledeb. variety synonym Betula nana var. flabellifolia Hook. variety synonym Betula glandulosa var. rotundifolia (Spach) Regel variety synonym Betula glandulosa f. intermedia Kurtz form synonym Betula rotundifolia Regel & Tiling species heterotypic synonym Betula littelliana Tucker species synonym Betula nana f. magnifolia Hartz form synonym Betula naniformis Lindb. ex Kindb. species synonym Betula nana subsp. rotundifolia (Spach) Malyschev subspecies synonym Betula nana subsp. exilis (Sukaczev) Hultén subspecies synonym Betula wiluica Sukaczev species synonym Betula exilis Sukaczev species synonym Betula glandulosa var. sibirica (Ledeb.) C.K.Schneid. variety synonym Betula nana var. sibirica Ledeb. variety synonym Betula sibirica Lodd. ex Regel species heterotypic synonym Betula abolinii Sukaczev species synonym Betula pamirica Litv. species synonym Betula stenolepis V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula bucharica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula saksarensis Polozhij & A.T.Malzeva species accepted Betula ×dutillyi Lepage species accepted Betula procurva Litv. species synonym Betula procurva subsp. sogdiana Ovcz. subspecies synonym Betula procurva subsp. lipskyi (V.N.Vassil.) Ovcz. subspecies synonym Betula lipskyi V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula procurva subsp. schugnanica (B.Fedtsch.) Ovcz. subspecies synonym Betula schugnanica (B.Fedtsch.) Litv. species synonym Betula alba var. schugnanica B.Fedtsch. variety synonym Betula delavayi Franch. species accepted Betula delavayi var. microstachya P.C.Li variety synonym Betula delavayi var. forrestii W.W.Sm. variety synonym Betula delavayi var. polyneura Hue ex P.C.Li variety synonym Betula occidentalis Hook. species accepted Betula occidentalis subsp. inopina (Jeps.) A.E.Murray subspecies synonym Betula beeniana A.Nelson species synonym Betula elrodiana E.J.Butler species synonym Betula microphylla var. fontinalis (Sarg.) M.E.Jones variety synonym Betula fontinalis Sarg. species synonym Betula alba subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Regel subspecies synonym Betula fontinalis f. inopina Jeps. form synonym Betula obovata E.J.Butler species synonym Betula papyrifera var. occidentalis (Hook.) Sarg. variety synonym Betula microphylla var. occidentalis (Hook.) M.E.Jones variety synonym Betula papyracea var. occidentalis (Hook.) Dippel variety synonym Betula ×sargentii Dugle species accepted Betula halophila Ching species synonym Betula humilis f. elliptica Perfil. form synonym Betula humilis f. obovata Perfil. form synonym Betula humilis f. ovata Perfil. form synonym Betula humilis var. genuina Regel variety synonym Betula humilis var. socolowii Regel variety synonym Betula humilis var. subcordata Perfil. variety synonym Betula myrsinoides Tausch species synonym Betula socolowii J.Jacq. ex Regel species synonym Betula humilis var. camtschatica Regel variety synonym Betula humilis var. oycowiensis Nyman variety synonym Betula humilis f. crispa Perfil. form synonym Betula humilis f. calcarata Perfil. form synonym Betula humilis var. commutata Regel variety synonym Betula fruticans Pall. species synonym Betula humilis var. cuneata Perfil. variety synonym Betula ×utahensis Britton species accepted Betula microphylla var. utahensis (Britton) M.E.Jones variety synonym Betula occidentalis var. fecunda Fernald variety synonym Betula fontinalis var. utahensis (Britton) Garrett variety synonym Betula ×andrewsii A.Nelson species synonym Betula fontinalis var. piperi (Britton) Sarg. variety synonym Betula ×commixta Sarg. species synonym Betula ×piperi Britton species synonym Betula ×dugleana Lepage species accepted Betula ovalifolia Rupr. species synonym Betula yoshimurae Miyabe & Tatew. species synonym Betula fruticosa var. ovalifolia (Rupr.) E.W.Ma, 1985 variety synonym Betula tatewakiana M.Ohki & S.Watan. species synonym Betula humilis var. ruprechtii Regel variety synonym Betula fruticosa Pall. species accepted Betula fruticosa subsp. gmelinii (Bunge) Kitag. subspecies synonym Betula fruticosa subsp. fusca (Pall. ex Georgi) Shemberg subspecies synonym Betula fruticosa var. paishanensis (Nakai) S.L.Tung variety synonym Betula paishanensis Nakai species synonym Betula fruticosa var. macrostachys S.L.Tung variety synonym Betula turfosa Weigel ex Rchb. species synonym Betula fusca Pall. ex Georgi species synonym Betula humilis var. ovalifolia (Rupr.) Regel variety synonym Betula substepposa V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula humilis var. tatewakiana (M.Ohki & S.Watan.) Murata variety synonym Betula fruticosa subsp. ruprechtiana (Trautv.) Kitag. subspecies synonym Betula gmelinii var. zyzyphifolia (Z.Wang & S.L.Tung) G.H.Liu & E.W.Ma variety synonym Betula reticulata Rupr. species synonym Betula humilis var. reticulata (Rupr.) Regel variety synonym Betula evenkiensis Polozhij species synonym Betula gmelinii Bunge species accepted Betula ×jackii C.K.Schneid. species accepted Betula tuturinii V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula papyrifera Marshall species accepted Betula latifolia Tausch species synonym Betula papyrifera var. commutata (Regel) Fernald variety synonym Betula papyrifera f. elobata (Fernald) B.Boivin form synonym Betula papyrifera var. macrostachya Fernald variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. montanensis (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg. variety synonym Betula alba subsp. excelsa (Aiton) Regel subspecies synonym Betula pirifolia K.Koch species synonym Betula papyrifera var. lyalliana Koehne variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. subcordata (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg. variety synonym Betula dahurica var. americana Regel variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. communis Regel variety synonym Betula lyalliana (Koehne ex Schelle) Bean species synonym Betula papyrifera f. coriacea Fernald & Wiegand form synonym Betula papyrifera f. longipes Fernald form synonym Betula papyrifera var. recessa Lepage variety synonym Betula alba subsp. latifolia (Tausch) Regel subspecies synonym Betula papyracea Aiton species synonym Betula papyrifera var. andrewsii Daniels variety synonym Betula alba var. elobata Fernald variety synonym Betula subcordata Rydb. ex B.T.Butler species synonym Betula papyrifera f. nana B.Boivin form synonym Betula montanensis Rydb. ex B.T.Butler species synonym Betula papyrifera var. pensilis Fernald variety synonym Betula alba var. commutata Regel variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia (Regel) Fernald variety synonym Betula cordifolia Regel species accepted Betula alba var. cordifolia (Regel) Fernald variety synonym Betula papyracea var. cordifolia (Regel) Dippel variety synonym Betula lenta var. papyrifera (Marshall) Castigl. variety synonym Betula alba var. papyrifera (Marshall) Spach variety synonym Betula baschkirica Tzvelev species accepted Betula ×bottnica Mela species accepted Betula ×fennica Dörfl. species synonym Betula jiaodongensis S.B.Liang species synonym Betula utilis D.Don species accepted Betula utilis var. typica Regel variety synonym Betula jiulungensis P.C.Li ex Q.Lin species synonym Betula klokovii Zaver. species accepted Betula chichibuensis H.Hara species accepted Betula dolicholepis Ovcz., Czukav. & Shibkova species synonym Betula fujianensis J.Zeng, Jian H.Li & Z.D.Chen species synonym Betula kirghisorum Sawicz species synonym Betula sessilis Kom. species synonym Betula extremiorientalis Kuzen. & V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula fruticosa subsp. extremiorientalis (Kuzen. & V.N.Vassil.) Vorosch. subspecies synonym Betula luminifera H.J.P.Winkl. species accepted Betula wilsoniana C.K.Schneid. species synonym Betula acuminata var. pyrifolia Franch. variety synonym Betula cylindrostachya var. resinosa Diels variety synonym Betula hupehensis C.K.Schneid. species synonym Betula baeumkeri H.J.P.Winkl. species synonym Betula riparia W.W.Sm. species synonym Betula alnoides var. pyrifolia (Franch.) Burkill variety synonym Betula luminifera var. baeumkeri (H.J.P.Winkl.) P.C.Kuo variety synonym Betula apoiensis Nakai ex H.Hara species synonym Betula miyoshii Nakai species synonym Betula niijimae Nakai species synonym Betula michauxii Spach species accepted Betula nana var. michauxii (Spach) Regel variety synonym Betula terrae-novae Fernald species synonym Betula divaricata Ledeb. species synonym Betula henriettae Sukaczev & V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula middendorffii Trautv. & C.A.Mey. species synonym Betula barguzinensis Popov species synonym Betula itelmenorum V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula humilis var. palustris J.F.Gmel. variety synonym Betula pseudomiddendorffii V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula ×zimpelii Junge species accepted Betula tadzhikistanica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula ×vologdensis Tzvelev species accepted Betula ×purpusii C.K.Schneid. species accepted Betula ×purpusii var. typica C.K.Schneid. variety synonym Betula murgabica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula saposhnikovii subsp. murgabica (V.N.Vassil.) Ovcz. & Czukav. subspecies synonym Betula alajica Litv. species synonym Betula pseudoalajica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula margusarica V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula tianschanica subsp. margusarica (V.N.Vassil.) Ovcz. subspecies synonym Betula ovczinnikovii V.N.Vassil. species synonym Betula forrestii (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz. species synonym Betula ermanii Cham. species accepted Betula ermanii var. genuina Regel variety synonym Betula ulmifolia var. typica Regel variety synonym Betula maximowicziana Regel species accepted Betula candelae Koidz. species synonym Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis variety synonym Betula ×koehnei C.K.Schneid. species accepted Betula finituma Notø species doubtful Betula nana var. borealis Regel variety synonym Betula humilis var. vulgaris Perfil. variety synonym Betula nigra var. parvifolia Regel variety synonym Betula lenta var. grossa (Siebold & Zucc.) Regel variety synonym Betula fruticosa var. fusenensis (Nakai) Liou variety synonym Betula humilis var. kamtschatica Regel variety synonym Betula papyracea var. lyalliana Schelle variety synonym Betula papyracea var. communis Schelle variety synonym Betula papyracea var. grandis (Schrad.) Schelle variety synonym Betula middendorffii var. globosa Regel variety synonym Betula middendorffii var. nitida Regel variety synonym Betula middendorffii var. communis Trautv. ex Regel variety synonym Betula nitida var. affinis (Spach) Regel variety synonym Betula alba var. songarica (Regel) Dippel variety synonym Betula chinensis var. delavayi (Franch.) C.K.Schneid. variety synonym Betula cylindrostachya var. typica Regel variety synonym Betula pubescens f. depressa Laest. form synonym Betula humilis var. zabelii Dippel variety synonym Betula alba subsp. macrophylla Regel subspecies synonym Betula pubescens f. obtusata Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. populifomis Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. nemoralis Laest. form synonym Betula pubescens f. suberecta Laest. form synonym Betula oycowiensis Laestad. ex Regel, 1868 species accepted Betula fruticosa var. gmelinii (Bunge) Regel variety synonym Betula glandulosa var. glandulosa variety synonym Betula alba subsp. populifolia (Marshall) Regel subspecies synonym Betula chinensis f. nana (Liou) Kitag. form synonym Betula papyrifera f. cordifolia (Regel) C.K.Schneid. form synonym Betula cylindrostachys Wall. species homotypic synonym Betula nanaeformis Lindeb. species homotypic synonym Betula murithii Gaudin, 1830 species synonym Betula ×intermedia (Hartm.) E.Thomas species homotypic synonym Betula socolowii J.Jacq. species homotypic synonym Betula fischeri hort. species homotypic synonym Betula naniformis Lindb. species homotypic synonym Betula urticifolia Curtois species homotypic synonym Betula reticulata Laestad. species homotypic synonym Betula schmidtii f. angustifolia (Makino & Nemoto) Sugim. form homotypic synonym Betula montanensis Rydb. species homotypic synonym Betula oycowiensis Laestad. species homotypic synonym Betula ethmensis Raf. species homotypic synonym Betula pyrifolia L. species homotypic synonym Betula fauriei H.Lév. species homotypic synonym Betula stevensonii Lesquereux, 1878 species accepted Betula oxydathifolia hort. species homotypic synonym Betula alba subsp. alba subspecies synonym Betula middendorffii var. communis Trautv. variety synonym Betula touinia hort. species homotypic synonym Betula ×borggreveana Zabel species homotypic synonym Betula populifolia subsp. purpurea Ellw. & P.Barry subspecies synonym Betula nigra subsp. pendula Paul subspecies synonym Betula heteromorpha Knowlton, 1902 species accepted Betula thor Knowlton, 1926 species accepted Betula vogdesii Lesquereux, 1875 species accepted Betula dayana Knowlton, 1902 species accepted Betula papyrifera subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Hultén subspecies synonym Betula delavayi var. polyneura Hue variety homotypic synonym Betula jiulungensis Hu species homotypic synonym Betula alaskana Lesquereux, 1882 species accepted Betula aequalis Lesquereux, 1878 species accepted Betula heterodonta Newberry, 1882 species accepted Betula pumila J.Vahl ex Lange species doubtful Betula angustifolia Newberry, 1882 species accepted Betula nanoides Knowlton, 1926 species accepted Betula ×eastwoodiae Sarg. species accepted Betula basiserrata Ward, 1885 species accepted Betula prenigra Berry, 1916 species accepted Betula bryani Knowlton, 1926 species accepted Betula pubescens Ehrh. species accepted Betula ×hornei E.J.Butler species accepted Betula florissanti Lesquereux, 1883 species accepted Betula pseudofontinalis Berry, 1907 species accepted Betula coryloides Ward, 1885 species accepted Betula truncata Lesquereux, 1883 species accepted Betula fairii Knowlton, 1926 species accepted Betula ×caerulea var. cunninghamii B.Boivin variety synonym Betula bendirei Knowlton, 1902 species accepted Betula deltoides Knowlton, 1916 species accepted Betula pumila J.Vahl species homotypic synonym Betula largei Knowlton, 1926 species accepted Betula middendorffii var. henriettae Popov variety synonym Betula ×warnstorfii C.K.Schneid. species synonym Betula punctata H.Lév. species homotypic synonym Betula humilis f. reticulata (Rupr.) Regel form synonym Betula microphylla var. laciniata P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula rezniczenkoana var. gracillima P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula ×dosmannii McAll. species accepted Betula punctata H.Lév. ex Nakai species synonym Betula pavlovii var. sagliana P.A.Baranov variety synonym Betula alba f. pubescens (Ehrh.) Bolzon form synonym Betula ermanii f. costata (Trautv.) Regel form synonym Betula chinensis var. collina (Nakai) Uyeki variety synonym Betula alba subsp. soongorica Regel subspecies synonym Betula alba var. soongorica (Regel) Dippel variety synonym Betula alba var. communis Shirai variety heterotypic synonym Betula pumila f. glabrescens (Regel) Regel form synonym Betula nana var. intermedia Hartm. variety heterotypic synonym Betula populifolia Marshall species accepted Betula papyrifera var. elobata (Fernald) Sarg. variety synonym Betula papyrifera subsp. cordifolia (Regel) A.E.Murray subspecies synonym Betula alba f. cordifolia Regel form synonym Betula fruticosa subsp. fusca (Pall. ex Georgi) M.Schemberg subspecies synonym Betula oycowiensis Rchb. species heterotypic synonym Betula populifolia f. purpurea (Ellw. & P.Barry) C.K.Schneid. form synonym Betula pendula f. purpurea (Andre) C.K.Schneid. form synonym Betula lenta subsp. lenta subspecies synonym Betula procurva subsp. procurva subspecies synonym Betula utilis var. utilis variety synonym Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera variety synonym
DataSource	GBIF Backbone Taxonomy 2023-08-28